Light-responsive rotaxane-based materials: inducing motion in the solid state

• Adrian Saura-Sanmartin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 873–880, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.64

• supramolecular gels (Figure 2a) [52]. Upon irradiation using a UV-light-emitting diode (LED) and a visible LED as sources, the reversible cleavage of the trithiocarbonate stoppers was accomplished, thus allowing the dethreading [53] of the wheels to take place by the shuttling of the macrocycles along the thread

Synthesis and supramolecular self-assembly of glutamic acid-based squaramides

• Juan V. Alegre-Requena,
• Marleen Häring,
• Isaac G. Sonsona,
• Alex Abramov,
• Eugenia Marqués-López,
• Raquel P. Herrera and
• David Díaz Díaz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.180

• crystal engineering [13][14][15][16][17]. Despite their isosteric relationship with ureas, which have become key synthons in supramolecular chemistry [18][19], there are only a few reports on the formation of self-assembled supramolecular gels using squaramide derivatives [20][21][22][23]. Along this line

• properties of supramolecular gels [33]. Specifically, we exchanged the amide group of N-stearoyl-L-glutamic acid (1, Figure 1), a known LMW gelator [34], by its non-classical isostere [35][36] 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole 2 (Figure 1). This approach enabled us to fine-tuning the gelation capacity and the

• be synthesized for subsequent amine condensations starting from dimethyl squarate. These compounds were found to self-assemble in different organic solvents leading to the formation of stable supramolecular gels upon a classical heating–cooling cycle. Thus, these two compounds expand the short list

A self-assembled photoresponsive gel consisting of chiral nanofibers

• Lei Zou,
• Dan Han,
• Zhiyi Yuan,
• Dongdong Chang and
• Xiang Ma

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1994–2001, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.174

• absorption spectroscopy, circular dichroism, scanning electron microscopy and rheological techniques. This work provides a new method for facile synthesis of chiro-optical gels. Keywords: chirality; nanostructure; organogel; photoresponse; self-assembly; Introduction Supramolecular gels [1][2] immobilized

• ], and chemosensing [13][14]. Among the supramolecular gels, the low-molecular-weight gels (LMWGs) [15][16] are those that self-assemble into gels in organic solvents with molecular weights of <2000 Da. The weak noncovalent intermolecular interactions between LMWGs make them more sensitive to external

Synthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity evaluation of new cholesterol congeners

• Mohamed Ramadan El Sayed Aly,
• Hosam Ali Saad and
• Shams Hashim Abdel-Hafez

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1922–1932, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.208

• their immunostimulant activities [21]. Finally, the ability of cholesterol derivatives to self-assembly and gelation as supramolecular gels was reviewed [22]. They are beneficially applicable in materials science, reaction media, sensing and responsive materials, energy supply, biomedicine, and tissue

Self-assembly of 2,3-dihydroxycholestane steroids into supramolecular organogels as a soft template for the in-situ generation of silicate nanomaterials

• Valeria C. Edelsztein,
• Andrea S. Mac Cormack,
• Matías Ciarlantini and
• Pablo H. Di Chenna

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.213

• .9.213 Abstract Supramolecular gels are an important and interesting class of soft materials that show great potential for many applications. Most of them have been discovered serendipitously, and understanding the supramolecular self-assembly that leads to the formation of the gel superstructure is the

• trap the solvent molecules in the supramolecular network to form supramolecular gels. The non-covalent nature of these interactions makes it possible for the supramolecular gel systems to achieve a reversible sol–gel phase transition by the simple application of an external stimulus. Intrinsically

• , supramolecular gels are thermosensitive and can be transformed reversibly to a fluid (sol) by heating. A small number of novel LMOGs, however, undergo a sol–gel transition as the temperature increases, which is called thermogelling [7]. Many other LMOG molecules form gels that are sensitive to other physical

The conjugation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) to small peptides for generating multifunctional supramolecular nanofibers/hydrogels

• Jiayang Li,
• Yi Kuang,
• Junfeng Shi,
• Yuan Gao,
• Jie Zhou and
• Bing Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 908–917, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.104

• modulus. As soon as the external large oscillation is stopped, hydrogel 1d recovers by 25% and reaches 100% recovery after 20 min. These data suggest that hydrogels 1a and 1d, like other supramolecular gels [70][71], are able to re-establish networks rapidly after deformation. Cytotoxicity To evaluate the

Synthesis and self-assembly of 1-deoxyglucose derivatives as low molecular weight organogelators

• Guijun Wang,
• Hao Yang,
• Sherwin Cheuk and
• Sherman Coleman

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 234–242, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.31

• are an important class of molecules. The supramolecular gels formed by carbohydrate derived low molecular weight gelators are interesting soft materials that show great potential for many applications. Previously, we have synthesized a series of methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranoside derivatives

• class of small molecules that can form reversible supramolecular gels in organic solvents or aqueous solutions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and π–π stacking are the main driving forces for the self-assembly of the gelators

Exceptionally small supramolecular hydrogelators based on aromatic–aromatic interactions

• Junfeng Shi,
• Yuan Gao,
• Zhimou Yang and
• Bing Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 167–172, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.23

• gel materials, research on supramolecular gels [14][15][16][17][18][19] has rapidly expanded. Amongst these, self-assembled oligopeptides [20][21][22][23], which self-assemble in water to form nanofibers and provide hydrogels for biomedical applications, have stimulated the recent research efforts on

Differences between β-Ala and Gly-Gly in the design of amino acids-based hydrogels

• Andreea Pasc,
• Firmin Obounou Akong,
• Sedat Cosgun and
• Christine Gérardin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 973–977, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.109

• molecular weight polymers, physically or chemically cross-linked, but in the recent past, their construction by low molecular weight (LMW) compounds has been explored. With respect to polymeric hydrogels, supramolecular gels of LMWGs (low molecular weight gelators) are assembled by non-covalent forces, such

Chiral gels derived from secondary ammonium salts of (1R,3S)-(+)-camphoric acid

• Tapas Kumar Adalder,
• N. N. Adarsh,
• Ravish Sankolli and
• Parthasarathi Dastidar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 848–858, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.100

• ; supramolecular gels; supramolecular synthon; Introduction A gel is a two component system which is mainly liquid with a very little amount of solid. In gel state, gelator molecules form 3-D networks within which solvent molecules are trapped thus resulting in a gel. Depending on the nature of the network, gels

• network in supramolecular gels. It is believed that in supramolecular gels, the gelator molecules self-assemble to form self-assembled fibrilar networks (SAFINs) which, by some means, are entangled to form 3-D gel networks within which the solvent molecules are immobilized via capillary force action to